How do I Assess a Learning Outcome?
How do you know students have achieved each
学习的结果 in a course, program or activity? An assessment is a tool which measures student performance during and/or after a learning experience. Efficient and effective assessments result in usable data that can inform improvement of student learning. 一些例子包括论文, 期末考试, 实际演示, 观察, 项目或调查.
对齐
When choosing an assessment, it’s important to match it to the verb used in the 学习的结果. Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning tells you what type of activity will demonstrate the knowledge, 技能, 或者你想测量的能力. A good assessment is appropriate for the verb.
基于
Bloom’s Taxonomy Pyramid by Vanderbilt University Center for 教学
Cc比2.0
A lower level verb like recall or identify can be measured with a simple assessment.
Outcome: Students will be able to recall a certain policy
| Assessment: Matching questions in an exam |
Outcome: Students will be able to identify campus resources to help them be successful | 评估:学生调查 |
A higher level verb such as apply or reflect will require a more robust assessment.
Outcome: Students will be able to analyze the results of a lab test | 评估:实验室报告 |
Outcome: Students will be able to reflect on the personal and social implications of their behavior | Assessment: 应用ing a rubric to student conduct meetings |
Performance 技能s are generally measured through practical exams or direct observation.
Outcome: Students will be able to construct a window frame | Assessment: Practical exam or project |
Formative and Summative 评估
Formative 评估 give timely feedback on student performance to help them as the course/activity progresses. How can they improve going forward?
Summative 评估 come at the end of the learning course/activity to measure their achievement. Did they reach the goal(s) stated in the 学习的结果(s)?
Direct and Indirect 评估
Direct assessments involve looking at real samples of student work or performance to measure achievement of an outcome. Learning is observed, displayed or demonstrated.
例子:考试, 小测验, 论文, 直接观察, 项目, 表演, 投资组合, 演讲, 临床, 一些实习课程, 实习
Indirect assessments take information gathered in other ways. These often measure students’ opinions of their own learning. Learning is self-reported, described or perceived.
例子: Surveys, self-reflections, journals, polls, focus groups, interviews
Although indirect measures are not as strong because they are self-reported, they add to the complete picture of student learning.
使用评估资料
The data collected in assessments are not only useful for students, but also provide priceless information about the learning experience itself. How can you improve this course/activity/program in the future? What parts of its design need attention? It could be the structure, materials (textbook), assessment (exam questions), or something else.
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